a comparison between the undrained shear behavior of carbonate and quartz sands

compared to quartz sand, the shear behavior of carbonate sand differs in  appearance, origin, and kind. carbonate sand is found mainly in the northern coast of the persian gulf and the oman sea. in this research, a comparison is made between the shear behavior of carbonate sand retrieved from the eastern region of the chabahar port, located north of the oman sea, and quartz sand obtained from firoozkooh, north of iran. both carbonate and quartz sands have identical and uniform particle size distributions. a total of 4 one-dimensional consolidation tests, and 16 triaxial consolidated-undrained (cu) tests under confining pressures of 100, 200, 400, and 600 kpa were performed with initial relative densities of 20%-80%. the results indicated that despite  their uniform properties,  including size and grading, the two types of sand  can differ in other  properties as  inherent interlocking, compressibility, stress-strain behavior, internal friction angle, changes in pore water pressure and stress path. for instance, chabahar carbonate sand has more compressive potential than firoozkooh sand because of the fragility of its grains. moreover, the internal friction angle of carbonate sand is more than that of quartz sand. quartz sand is more affected by initial relative density, whereas, carbonate sand is influenced by  inherent packing.